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Reflecting on Terrorism That Claimed 166 Lives, City's Residents Express Sadness, Defiance, and Anger Over Security.
MUMBAI -- Railway sub-inspector P.S. Patil patrolled Mumbai's largest train station on Thursday, the one-year anniversary of the terrorist attack that brought him and this city to their knees.
Like most Mumbaikers, Mr. Patil, who was shot in the leg that day, feels better prepared now but more fearful. Yet he says he is determined to soldier on. The 53-year-old inspector carries a gun in his belt; a year ago he stood unarmed before a ticket counter as a terrorist pumped a bullet through his left thigh.
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Rabbi Avraham Berkowitz on Thursday shows a group of children the damage at the Chabad House, a Jewish center in Mumbai that was attacked last year.
"I still fear at any moment the terrorists will come around the corner again," Mr. Patil said. "But I will do my duty and not shy away from any terrorists who come in here."
The citizens of Mumbai tearfully and defiantly marked the attacks that killed 166 people and wounded many others, with art exhibits, candlelight vigils and police parades -- and by frequenting the sites of last year's violence.
Ten AK-47-wielding men arrived by boat and attacked the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus train station, two luxury hotels, a hospital, a café and a Jewish center. The lone surviving gunman, Mohammed Ajmal Kasab, is on trial in Mumbai.
One Year Later
A year after the attacks, see Mumbai scenes before and after, plus read the recollections of survivors.
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Remembering Mumbai's Victims
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Further Reading
On Wednesday, after months of delays, a Pakistani court indicted seven members of the Islamist militant group supposedly behind the attack.
The proceedings against seven alleged Lashkar-e-Taiba operatives mark the first time Pakistan is trying its own citizens for an act of terror committed abroad. The move could help ease tensions with India, which has demanded a broad crackdown on Lashkar.
In a brief session, the suspects were formally charged under Pakistan's antiterrorism laws, although lawyers for the accused said they were prohibited from specifying the exact charges. "All of them pleaded not guilty, saying the charges were not supported by evidence," said Shabaz Rajput, a defense lawyer. After hearing the pleas, the judge adjourned the proceedings until Dec. 5.
The suspects include two men that Pakistani and Indian officials say played a key role in plotting the attack: Zaki ur-Rehman Lakhvi, Lashhar's alleged operations chief, and Zarar Shah, a senior member of the group.
Pakistani investigators say they have found substantial evidence of how Lashkar trained the 10 Mumbai attackers in various parts of Pakistan, financed the operation and set up communications to stay in contact with the men during the attack.
Mumbai Attack Survivors Speak of Their Memories
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One man who was stuck in the Oberoi hotel for two days and a woman who lost her husband and daughter speak to WSJ's Neil Hickey about their memories of last year's tragic events in Mumbai.
Not on trial, however, is the founder of Lashkar, Hafiz Mohammed Saeed, who Indian officials say was the attack's true mastermind. Mr. Saeed, who says he runs a charity, has been in and out of house arrest in Pakistan since the attack. Pakistani officials say India hasn't provided enough evidence to try him.
On Thursday, while Mumbai residents mourned those who died, some expressed anger against authorities who they felt were still not adequately prepared to defend their city. Images of cane-carrying police officers facing the terrorists' semiautomatic weapons remain in the public memory. Some of the police department's top brass were shot dead in a vehicle that wasn't bulletproof. The hostages taken at the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower and Oberoi-Trident hotels had to wait until commandos in Delhi were flown to Mumbai to begin the rescue attempt.
City and state police held a morning parade to show off their new weaponry and training outside the Oberoi-Trident hotel complex, which the terrorists held for 40 hours.
Black-clad commandos marched and new, bulletproof combat mobiles, amphibious vehicles and tear-gas-equipped vans rolled down the street. Several commandos, fresh from six months' training, rappelled down buildings as city and state politicians looked on.
The night before the one-year anniversary, students painted murals along a wall in the heart of Mumbai.
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Mumbai police commandos parade to mark the anniversary.
"I still feel very angry with government and the police," said Akshita Gada, 19, who painted a shattered police car beside a terrorist's pristine vehicle. "Security is given to Kasab. Why not us?" she had written, referring to Mr. Kasab, who remains under police protection in jail.
Shraddha Sheth, 21, said she came to the wall because it expressed her rage and she couldn't bear to watch the television coverage of the anniversary of the attack.
"These paintings are a slap in the face of the police force," she said, growing tearful. "The city is still not safe, even though city officials say it is."
A poignant memorial was held by the Jewish Orthodox Chabad-Lubavitch movement at the Nariman House, where terrorists killed Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg, his wife and several others after a long standoff with commandos. The couple's nanny escaped carrying their then 2-year-old son, Moshe, who now lives in Israel.
Moshe's grandfather, Rabbi Shimon Rosenberg, returned to the Chabad House on Thursday for the candle-lit anniversary memorial organized by the Chabad leadership. Unlike the hotels, where evidence of the violence has been cleaned and covered, Nariman House remained almost as it did when the two terrorists were finally killed.
Bullet marks covered almost every inch of wall and ceiling space on the fourth floor, where the rabbi's family had their quarters. Moshe's toy telephone lay on a couch in his bedroom, his mother's pencil-marked measurement of his height at 13 months: 73 centimeters (2 feet, 5 inches), still visible on his bedroom wall.
"Every inch of the Chabad House brings back memories of my daughter," Mr. Rosenberg said, as he stood in the doorway of Moshe's room. His grief, he says, makes him feel close to Indians.
"We're united in our pain and resolve," he said. "India is now my extended family."
-- Zahid Hussain
contributed to this article.
Write to Geeta Anand at geeta.anand@wsj.com
