Three former government officials and a business executive were convicted of corruption and sentenced to jail on Tuesday by a Jordanian security court, judicial sources said, the first such convictions of senior officials in the kingdom. The officials — a former finance minister, a senior adviser to the prime minister and a former head of Jordan’s state-managed oil refinery — were all given three-year sentences after they were found guilty of taking bribes from the executive, Khaled Shaheen, one of the country’s wealthiest businessmen.